Road Traffic Rules of the Republic of Armenia — Tesakan
Road Traffic Rules of the Republic of Armenia
1.The Traffic Rules of the Republic of Armenia (hereinafter — the Rules) establish a unified road traffic procedure throughout the territory of the Republic of Armenia, governing the interrelation of traffic lights, traffic controller signals, emergency and special signals, the use of external lighting devices and audible signals of vehicles, various traffic conditions, speed regulation, overtaking, stopping and parking, passage of intersections, pedestrian crossings, towing of vehicles, driver training, transportation of passengers and cargo, and road signs.
2.Right-hand traffic is established on roads of the Republic of Armenia.
3.The following terms and definitions are used in these Rules:
1) priority road — a road marked with signs "Main road", "Intersection with a secondary road", "Junction with a secondary road" or "Motorway", with respect to the road being crossed or joined; or a road with a hard surface (asphalt and cement concrete, stone materials and the like) with respect to a dirt road; or any road with respect to exits from adjacent territory. The existence of a paved section on the secondary road immediately before an intersection does not make it equivalent in priority to the road being crossed.
2) right of way — the right to proceed first in the intended direction relative to other road users (hereinafter — driver).
3) not to obstruct other road users — a requirement that road users must not impede movement: passengers and pedestrians must not obstruct vehicles, and drivers must not obstruct pedestrians and other vehicles.
4) organized transport convoy — a group of three or more mechanical vehicles travelling immediately one behind another in the same lane with headlights continuously on, escorted by a lead vehicle with blue and red flashing beacons activated.
5) starting movement — the initiation of vehicle movement from a stopped or parked position, with or without a lane change.
6) maneuvering — starting a vehicle's movement (involving a lane change), changing lanes, changing the direction of travel, stopping (with a lane change), and reversing.
7) lane change — leaving the occupied lane or row while maintaining the original direction of travel.
8) changing direction of travel — changing the previously chosen direction of travel (other than reversing) by means of a turn or a U-turn.
9) turn — a maneuver by which a vehicle exits onto another road or from a road onto adjacent territory.
10) U-turn — a maneuver by which a vehicle changes its direction of travel to the direction designated for oncoming traffic.
11) overtaking — moving ahead of one or more moving vehicles, involving leaving the occupied lane.
12) obstacle — a stationary object in a traffic lane (a disabled or damaged vehicle, a road defect, foreign objects, etc.) that prevents continued movement along that lane.
13) traffic hazard — a situation arising during road traffic in which continuing movement in the same direction and/or at the same speed creates a risk of a road traffic accident.
14) passing — moving ahead of one or more moving vehicles without leaving the occupied lane.
15) dangerous cargo — substances, products thereof, and hazardous waste that, due to their inherent properties, may during transportation endanger human life and health, cause harm to the environment, or damage or destroy vehicles or buildings.
16) organized transportation of a group of children — special transportation of two or more pre-school or school-age children carried out in a mechanical vehicle (other than a scheduled route vehicle).
17) limited visibility — the driver's visibility of the road in the direction of travel, restricted by other vehicles, terrain relief, road geometry, vegetation, buildings, structures, and other objects.
18) pedestrian and bicycle path (cycling-pedestrian path) — an element of the road structurally separated from the carriageway (or a separate road), intended for the movement of cyclists separately from pedestrians or together with them, and marked with signs ;
19) lane for cyclists — a lane of the carriageway separated from the rest of the carriageway by horizontal road marking and marked with sign , intended for riding bicycles and mopeds;
20) hybrid car — a vehicle having at least 2 different energy converters (motors) and 2 different energy storage systems for the purposes of setting the vehicle in motion.
4.Traffic lights use green, yellow, red and white-lunar light signals.
5.Depending on their purpose, traffic lights may be for vehicles, pedestrians or cyclists; their signals may be circular, in the form of an arrow (arrows), a pedestrian or bicycle silhouette, or X-shaped.
6.Traffic lights with circular signals may have one or two additional sections with green arrow signals, positioned at the level of the circular green signal.
7.Circular traffic light signals have the following meanings:
1) A green signal permits movement (digital displays may be used to inform drivers of the number of seconds remaining until the green signal ends).
2) A flashing green signal permits movement and indicates that its active period is ending and a prohibiting signal will soon be activated.
3) A yellow signal prohibits movement (except in the cases provided for in clause 19 of these Rules) and warns of an impending signal change.
4) A flashing yellow signal permits movement and indicates the presence of an uncontrolled intersection or pedestrian crossing and warns of danger.
5) A red signal, including a flashing red signal, prohibits movement (digital displays may be used to inform drivers of the number of seconds remaining until the red signal ends).
The driver must also activate hazard warning lights in other cases to warn road users of the danger that the vehicle may create.
23.When hazard warning lights are activated (and also when they are defective or absent), the emergency stop sign (red flashing light) must be placed immediately:
2) when stopped in a prohibited zone, or where the vehicle cannot be noticed in time by other drivers given visibility conditions. After doing so, the driver must comply with clause 83 of the Rules.
The emergency stop sign is placed at a distance ensuring timely warning of other drivers in the specific situation, but no less than 15 m from the vehicle in built-up areas and 30 m outside built-up areas.
26.Drivers of vehicles with a blue flashing beacon activated, performing urgent official duties, may deviate from the requirements of chapters II (except controller signals) and V–XVI, XIX, XXI of the Rules, on condition that safe movement is ensured. To obtain priority over other road users, such drivers must activate the blue flashing beacon and a special audible signal that differs from other vehicles' signals. They may exercise priority only after confirming that other users are yielding. This right is also enjoyed by drivers of vehicles escorted by vehicles with blue and red flashing beacons and special audible signals activated.
27.On vehicles of the Road Police of the Police of the Republic of Armenia, the Patrol Service of the Police of the Republic of Armenia, the State Protection Service of the Republic of Armenia, and the military auto-inspection of the military police of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Armenia, a red flashing beacon may be activated in addition to the blue flashing beacon.
28.Upon the approach of a vehicle with a blue flashing beacon and special audible signal activated, drivers must yield to ensure unobstructed passage of that vehicle.
29.When approaching a vehicle with blue and red flashing beacons and a special audible signal activated, drivers must reduce speed and yield to ensure the unobstructed passage of that vehicle as well as any vehicle it is escorting.
36.Before starting movement or maneuvering, the driver must signal the intended direction in good time using the turn indicators, or if absent or defective — by hand. Signalling is not required if the vehicle is travelling along a curved road without a lane change. Signals must be given well in advance of beginning the maneuver and cancelled immediately upon its completion (a hand signal may be ended immediately before performing the maneuver). The signal must be given clearly, must not mislead other road users, and the maneuver must not create an obstacle for them. Signalling does not give priority over other road users.
37.A left turn (U-turn) signal corresponds to the left arm extended to the side, or the right arm extended and bent upward at a right angle at the elbow. A right turn signal corresponds to the right arm extended to the side, or the left arm extended and bent upward at a right angle at the elbow. A braking signal corresponds to the left or right arm raised.
38.When entering a road from adjacent territory, the must yield to travelling on it; and when leaving the road onto adjacent territory — to cyclists. In both cases, no must be created for .
51.The number of lanes for non-rail vehicles is determined by markings and/or signs "Driving lanes", "Lane driving direction", "Lane directions", "Number of lanes"; if absent, drivers determine the lane count themselves based on roadway width, vehicle dimensions, and required clearances.
52.On roads with two-way traffic, in the absence of markings, the oncoming traffic side is deemed to be the left half of the roadway width, not counting road widenings (acceleration and deceleration lanes, widened areas for routevehiclestops, etc.).
65.The driver must drive at a speed not exceeding the established limit, taking into account traffic intensity, the characteristics and condition of the vehicle and cargo, road and weather conditions, and in particular visibility in the direction of travel.
66.The driver must choose a speed that enables constant control of the vehicle's movement in order to comply with the Rules.
67.When an obstacle or a hazard to traffic arises that the driver was able to detect, the driver must take measures to reduce speed, up to stopping the vehicle. In that case, passing and bypassing the obstacle are permitted if the driver is convinced that it is safe for other road users.
68.In built-up areas, the maximum permissible speed is 60 km/h; in residential areas and courtyard areas, the maximum is 20 km/h (signs "Residential area" "End of residential area").
73.Before beginning an overtake, the driver must ensure:
1) the lane being entered is clear for a sufficient overtaking distance and that the overtake will not create danger or obstruction for other road users;
2) no following vehicle has started overtaking, and no vehicle ahead in the same lane has signalled an intention to overtake (left turn or U-turn);
3) upon completing the overtake, it will be possible to return to the previously occupied lane without creating danger for or obstructing the overtaken vehicle.
74.Non-rail vehicles may only be overtaken on the left. However, if a vehicle ahead has signalled a left turn and started maneuvering, that vehicle may be overtaken on the right.
75.The driver of the overtaken vehicle is prohibited from obstructing the overtake by increasing speed or by other actions.
76.If, outside built-up areas, a slow-moving or oversized is difficult, then its (and, in the case of escort, also the driver of the escorting vehicle) must move as far to the right as possible and, if necessary, and let the drivers of the vehicles following behind .
78.Stopping and parking of vehicles is permitted on the right side of the road, by the sidewalk or on the shoulder; in their absence — at the edge of the roadway. In the case provided by clause 81 of the Rules, parking is also permitted at the edge of the sidewalk (curb).
1) on roads with one lane per direction and no tram tracks in the centre;
2) on one-way roads (trucks with a permissible maximum mass over 3.5 tonnes are permitted to stop only for loading or unloading, as well as for boarding or alighting of a passenger).
80.Vehicles must be parked in a single row parallel to the road edge, except where the road configuration (local widening) allows otherwise. Two-wheeled vehicles without a side may be parked in two rows.
86.1.When approaching an intersection, the driver must exercise particular attention based on local conditions. In particular, the driver must operate the vehicle at a speed that allows stopping and yielding to vehicles that have the right of way.
87.When turning right or left, the driver must not obstruct pedestrians; the driver must yield to pedestrians and also to cyclists crossing the road via a cycle path.
88.It is prohibited to enter an intersection marked with roadmarking , a crossing of carriageways or a section of an intersection, if a queue has formed ahead in the direction of travel that will force the driver to stop, creating an obstruction for crossing in the transverse direction, except in cases of right or left as provided for by these Rules.
102.The concepts of a controlled and uncontrolled pedestrian crossing are analogous to those of a controlled and uncontrolled intersection, established in clauses 89 and 95 of the Rules.
105.At a controlled pedestrian crossing when the permitting traffic light signal is activated, the driver must allow to finish crossing the in that direction.
109.Vehicles may only cross railway tracks at level crossings, yielding to trains (locomotives, railcars).
110.When approaching a level crossing, the driver must follow the requirements of road signs, traffic lights, markings, the barrier position, and the instructions of the crossing attendant, and must confirm the absence of an approaching train (locomotive, railcar).
111.When crossing is prohibited, the driver must stop at stop-line sign , sign "Movement without stopping prohibited", or a traffic light; if absent — no closer than 5 m from the barrier, or if there is no barrier — no closer than 10 m from the nearest rail.
112.When forced to stop on a level crossing, the driver must:
1) immediately unload passengers and take measures to clear the crossing;
115.A motorway is a road located within the zone of effect of the road sign “Motorway”, which has no same-level intersections or junctions with other roads, railway crossings or tram tracks, pedestrian crossings or cycle paths, does not serve adjacent roadside territories, and on which the oncoming carriageways are separated by a dividing strip or a road fence. The start and end of a road deemed a motorway are marked by signs “Motorway” and “End of motorway”.
116.On motorways, the following are prohibited:
1) movement of pedestrians, domestic or other animals;
2) movement of bicycles, mopeds, tractors, self-propelled machines, and other whose technical maximum speed is below 40 km/h;
118.A residential area is a built-up space whose entry and exit are marked with signs "Residential area" and "End of residential area".
119.In a residential area, pedestrians are permitted to move both on sidewalks and on the roadway. In a residential area, pedestrians have priority, but must not create unnecessary obstruction for vehicles.
120.When exiting a residential area, drivers must yield to other road users and must not create unnecessary obstruction for pedestrians.
121.In a residential area, the following are prohibited:
4) parking of trucks and (except minibuses) with a over 3.5 tonnes outside specially designated and marked locations.
123.Outside intersections where tram tracks cross the roadway, trams have priority over non-rail vehicles, except when exiting the depot.
124.On roads with a routevehicle lane marked with signs 5.14 “Route vehicle lane”, “Road with a route vehicle lane”, and “Exit onto a road with a route vehicle lane”, movement and of other vehicles in that lane are prohibited. If the route vehicle lane is separated from the rest of the by a dashed marking, then when entering a road with such a lane, moving into that lane is permitted on condition of immediately merging into the adjacent lane. It is also permitted to move into lanes with such marking both for boarding and alighting of and for off that road. When entering lanes with the specified marking and leaving them, must yield to the drivers of route vehicles and must not obstruct their movement when passengers are boarding and alighting in such lanes.
127.In the dark and in conditions of insufficient visibility — regardless of road lighting — and in tunnels, the following lights must be on on moving vehicles:
1) on all mechanical vehicles and mopeds — main or dipped headlights; on bicycles — headlights or lamps; on horse-drawn vehicles — lanterns (if available);
2) on trailers and towed mechanical vehicles — side/marker lights.
2) when meeting oncoming traffic at no less than 150 m from the vehicle, and at a greater distance if the oncoming driver signals the need by periodically switching headlights;
3) in all other cases to prevent blinding both oncoming and following drivers.
129.When blinded, the driver must switch on the hazard warning lights and, without changing lane, reduce speed and, if necessary, stop.
138.Towing on rigid or flexible coupling must only be performed with a driver at the wheel of the towed vehicle, except where the rigid coupling design ensures that the towed vehicle follows the trajectory of the towing vehicle during straight-line movement.
139.When towing on flexible or rigid coupling, it is prohibited to transport passengers in the towed bus, trolleybus, or in the body of the towed truck; when towing by partial loading — no persons may be in the cab or body of the towed vehicle, or in the body of the towing vehicle.
140.When towing on flexible coupling, the distance between the towing and towed vehicles must be 4–6 m; on rigid coupling — no more than 4 m.
141.When towing mechanical vehicles on a flexible coupling, the connecting link must be equipped with warning devices, which are flags or panels 200 x 200 mm in size with a retroreflective surface bearing alternating red and white stripes 50 mm wide diagonally. The flexible coupling must have at least two warning devices.
142.The rigid connecting link must comply with applicable standards.
143.Towing is prohibited:
145.Initial driving training must be conducted at closed grounds or autodromes.
146.Driving instruction on roads is permitted only with an instructor. The student must know and comply with the requirements of the Rules.
147.A person providing individual instruction must carry a driving licence for the right to drive vehicles of the given category.
148.A student being taught to drive a car must be at least 16 years old.
149.Driving instruction is authorized by local governing authorities (in Yerevan, by the Mayor of Yerevan).
150.Drivers holding a category C licence may carry up to 8 persons (in trucks); to carry a greater number of people, the driver must also hold a licence to drive a vehicle of category D or DE, or subcategory D1 or D1E.
151.Before a trip, the truck driver must brief passengers on the procedure for boarding, positioning in the body, and alighting, as well as on not leaving their seats while moving. Movement may begin only after confirming that conditions for safe passenger transport are ensured.
152.The number of persons carried in the body of a truck, as well as in the saloon of buses travelling on intercity or tourism routes or carrying organized groups of children, must not exceed the number of equipped seating places.
153.Transport of persons in the side body of a truck is permitted if it is equipped with benches fixed at least 0.3 m below the top edge of the side and 0.3–0.5 m above the floor. Benches fixed at the rear or along the sides must have sturdy backrests.
154.Travel in the body of a truck with a platform not equipped for passenger transport is permitted only for cargo escorts or cargo recipients, provided they have seating below the level of the boards in accordance with clause of the Rules.
160.The mass of cargo being transported and the load distribution per axle must not exceed the values established by the manufacturer for that vehicle.
161.Before and during movement, the driver must monitor the placement, securing, and condition of cargo to prevent it from falling or creating obstruction for traffic.
162.Cargo protruding more than 1 m beyond the front or rear of the vehicle, or more than 0.4 m from the outer edge of the marker lights, must be marked with the "Oversized cargo" identification sign; in the dark and in conditions of insufficient visibility, additionally: at the front — a white lantern or reflector, at the rear — a red lantern or reflector.
163.Special rules established by legislation of the Republic of Armenia govern the movement of vehicles that:
1) are used to transport heavy or dangerous cargo, or non-neutralized containers;
167.1.Temporary signs "Traffic light control", "Slippery road", "Rough road", "Loose "Dangerous "Road "Two-way "Other "Priority of oncoming "Weight "Axle weight "Height "Width "Length "Minimum "No right "No left "No "No "End of no-overtaking "No overtaking for "End of no-overtaking zone for "Maximum speed "End of maximum speed limit zone", when mounted on mobile stands, the white base colour of which may be yellow.
Road signs
Road markings
Vehicle identification signs
List of malfunctions and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited
6) A combination of red and yellow signals prohibits movement and indicates that the green signal is about to be activated.
8.Traffic light signals in the form of arrows in red, yellow and green have the same meaning as circular signals of the corresponding colour, but their effect applies only to the direction (directions) indicated by the arrows. An arrow permitting a left turn also permits a U-turn unless prohibited by a road sign. A green arrow in an additional section has the same meaning. A switched-off additional section signal prohibits movement in the direction governed by that section.
9.Instead of red and yellow arrow signals, circular red and yellow signals with black outline arrows may be used.
10.If a black outline arrow (arrows) is applied to the main green traffic light signal, it informs drivers of the presence of an additional section and indicates permitted directions of movement other than those of the additional section.
11.If a traffic light signal takes the form of a pedestrian (bicycle) silhouette, its effect applies only to pedestrians (cyclists). A traffic light with small circular signals supplemented by a panel depicting a bicycle may also be used to regulate cyclists.
12.At places on roads where blind pedestrians frequently appear, to inform them of the possibility of crossing the roadway, the green traffic light signal may be accompanied by an audible signal that differs from the (special) audible signals of vehicles.
13.To regulate vehicle movement by lane — in particular on lanes whose direction of travel may change to the opposite — reversible traffic lights with a red X-shaped signal and a green downward arrow signal are used; these signals respectively prohibit or permit movement in the lane above which they are positioned. The main signals of a reversible traffic light may be supplemented by a yellow diagonally angled arrow indicating an impending signal change and the need to change to the lane indicated by the arrow. When the signals of a reversible traffic light positioned above a lane marked on both sides with marking are switched off, entry onto that lane is prohibited.
14.To regulate the movement of trams and other routevehicles travelling on a dedicated lane, single-colour traffic lights with four white-lunar circular signals arranged in the form of the letter «T» may be used. Movement is permitted only when the lower signal and one or more upper signals are on simultaneously: the left upper permits movement to the left, the centre upper permits straight ahead, and the right upper permits movement to the right. If one or more upper signals of the traffic light are on without the lower signal, movement is prohibited.
15.A white-lunar circular flashing signal at a level crossing permits vehicles to cross; a red signal prohibits crossing. When both white-lunar and red flashing signals are switched off, movement is permitted in the absence of an approaching train (locomotive, railcar) visible within sight distance.
1) Arm raised: all vehicles and pedestrians prohibited from moving in all directions, except in the cases provided for in clause 19 of the Rules.
2) Arms extended to the sides or lowered:
a. from the left and right side — trams permitted straight, non-rail vehicles permitted straight and right; pedestrians permitted to cross the roadway;
b. from the front and back — all vehicles and pedestrians prohibited from moving.
3) Right arm extended forward:
a. from the left side — trams permitted left, non-rail vehicles permitted in all directions;
b. from the front — all vehicles permitted right only;
c. from the right side and back — all vehicles prohibited;
d. pedestrians permitted to cross behind the controller.
17.To improve signal visibility, the controller may use a baton or disc with a red signal or reflector; a whistle is used as an additional signal to attract road users' attention. The controller may give other signals with hand gestures that are understandable to drivers and pedestrians.
18.At a prohibiting traffic light signal (except reversible) or traffic controller signal, drivers must stop before the stop line (sign ), or if absent:
1) at an intersection — before the intersecting roadway (taking clause 93 of the Rules into account), without obstructing pedestrians;
2) before a level crossing — in accordance with clause 111 of the Rules;
3) in other locations — before the traffic light or controller, without obstructing vehicles or pedestrians whose movement is permitted.
19.Drivers who, at the moment a yellow signal is activated or a traffic controller raises their arm, cannot stop without resorting to emergency braking at the positions defined by clause 18 of the Rules, are permitted to continue moving. Pedestrians who are on the roadway at the moment the signal is given must clear it, or if that is not possible, stop at the line separating opposing traffic flows.
20.Drivers and pedestrians must comply with the signals and instructions of the traffic controller even if they conflict with traffic light signals, road sign requirements, or markings.
21.At level crossings, a sound signal may be given simultaneously with the red flashing traffic light signal to additionally warn road users of the prohibition on crossing.
24.If the towed mechanical vehicle has no hazard warning lights or they are defective, the emergency stop sign must be fastened at the rear of the towed vehicle.
25.Use of the hazard warning light signal is prohibited for the purpose of gaining priority, or for stopping in places where stopping is prohibited (except for a forced stop).
30.When approaching a stationary vehicle with blue or blue-and-red flashing beacons activated, the driver must reduce speed so as to be able to stop immediately if necessary.
31.When approaching a stationary vehicle with a red flashing beacon activated, the driver must stop and may only continue after receiving permission.
32.A yellow or orange flashing beacon does not confer priority in road traffic and serves to warn other road users of danger.
33.A yellow or orange flashing beacon must be activated:
1) on vehicles performing road construction, repair, maintenance, or cleaning work, and loading and transporting defective, damaged, and other vehicles;
2) on vehicles transporting cargo of large overall dimensions whose size exceeds the parameters established by clause 163 of the Rules, and on vehicles escorting them;
3) on vehicles transporting dangerous cargo and non-neutralized containers, and on vehicles escorting them.
34.Drivers of vehicles with a yellow or orange flashing beacon activated while performing road construction, repair, or maintenance work, or loading damaged, defective, or displaced vehicles, may deviate from the requirements of road signs 42, 55–60, 63 and 116, except signs "End of main road", "Give way", "No stopping", "Priority of oncoming traffic", "Weight limit", "Axle weight limit", "Height limit", "Width limit", "Danger", "No overtaking", and road markings. Drivers of escort vehicles with yellow or orange beacons per clause 33(2) may deviate from marking requirements per clause 60, on condition that road safety is ensured.
35.Drivers of vehicles may activate the white-lunar flashing beacon and special audible signal only in the event of an attack on those vehicles. The white-lunar flashing beacon does not confer priority and serves to attract the attention of police officers and other persons.
39.When changing lanes, the driver must yield to vehicles travelling in the same direction without changing lanes. When lanes are changed simultaneously by vehicles travelling in the same direction, the driver on the left must yield.
40.Before turning or making a U-turn, the driver must take up the appropriate extreme position on the roadway for the intended direction of travel in advance, except when:
1) performing a turn when entering an intersection with a roundabout;
2) signs or markings permit turning from other lanes as well;
3) the vehicle cannot perform the turn due to its dimensions or for other reasons.
Where same-direction tram tracks are located to the left at the same level as the roadway, left turns and U-turns must be made from those tracks, unless signs “Directions of travel by lanes” or “Direction of travel in a lane” or marking prescribe a different procedure. In that case, no obstacle must be created for the tram.
41.A turn must be executed such that, upon leaving the intersection of roadways, the vehicle does not end up in the oncoming traffic lane. When turning right, the vehicle must travel as close as possible to the right edge of the roadway.
42.When turning onto a road with reversible traffic, the driver must maneuver so that upon leaving the intersection the vehicle occupies the rightmost lane. Changing lanes is permitted only after the driver confirms that movement in that direction is also permitted in other lanes.
43.If a vehicle cannot perform a turn or U-turn in compliance with clause 40 of the Rules due to its dimensions or for other reasons, the driver must activate hazard warning lights and yield to oncoming and same-direction vehicles.
44.When turning left or making a U-turn off an intersection, a driver of a non-rail vehicle must yield to oncoming vehicles and to same-direction trams.
45.Where the trajectories of vehicles cross and the order of passage is not established by the Rules, the driver must yield to the vehicle approaching from the right.
46.Where a head-on pass is difficult, the driver on whose side the obstruction exists must yield. Where an obstruction exists on a slope marked with signs "Steep descent" and "Steep ascent", the driver going downhill must yield.
47.Where a deceleration lane exists, a driver intending to make a turn must move into that lane in advance and reduce speed only there. At the place of entering a road, where an acceleration lane exists, the driver must continue along it and merge into the adjacent lane, yielding to vehicles travelling on the road.
48.Reversing is permitted provided it is safe and does not obstruct other road users. If necessary, the driver should seek the assistance of other persons.
49.Reversing is prohibited at intersections, when exiting onto the road from an adjacent territory, and in the places listed in clause 50 of the Rules.
53.On roads with two-way traffic having four or more lanes, it is prohibited to move onto the side of the road intended for oncoming traffic.
54.On two-way roads with three marked lanes (except marking ), where the centre lane is used for movement in both directions, entry onto the centre lane is permitted only for overtaking, obstacle avoidance, left turn, or U-turn. Entry onto the far left oncoming lane is prohibited.
55.Outside built-up areas, and in built-up areas on roads marked with sign "Motorway", "Road for vehicles", or where speeds above 80 km/h are permitted, drivers must travel as far to the right of the roadway as possible. Occupying left lanes when right lanes are free is prohibited.
57.On any road with three or more lanes in the direction of travel, the far-left lane may be occupied only under heavy traffic when the other lanes are occupied, or for overtaking, a left turn, or a U-turn; trucks with a permissible maximum mass over 3.5 tonnes and vehicles carrying out regular passenger transport may occupy it only for a left turn or U-turn. Moving into the far-left lane on one-way roads for stopping and parking is carried out in accordance with clause 79 of the Rules.
58.Vehicles whose speed must not exceed 40 km/h, or which cannot reach that speed for technical reasons, must travel in the rightmost lane except for obstacle avoidance, overtaking, or lane changes before a left turn, U-turn, or stop in permitted cases on the left side of the road.
59.Travel on same-direction tram tracks located to the left at the same level as the roadway is permitted when all lanes in that direction are occupied, and also when avoiding an obstacle, overtaking, turning left, or making a U-turn, taking clause 40 of the Rules into account. Trams must not be obstructed. If signs , are installed before an intersection, travel on tram tracks through the intersection is prohibited. Travel on oncoming-direction tram tracks is prohibited.
60.Where the roadway is divided into lanes by markings, vehicles must travel strictly in the marked lanes. Crossing dashed markings is permitted only when changing lanes.
61.Travel on shoulders, sidewalks, and pedestrian paths is prohibited, except as provided in clause 81 of the Rules. Road maintenance and municipal service vehicles are permitted; also access via the shortest route for vehicles delivering goods to commercial premises directly adjacent to shoulders or sidewalks where no other access exists, provided safety is ensured.
62.The driver must maintain a following distance from the vehicle ahead sufficient to avoid a collision, and a necessary lateral clearance ensuring safe movement.
63.Outside built-up areas on two-way roads with two lanes, a driver of a speed-restricted vehicle, or a vehicle (combination) longer than 7 m, must maintain a following distance that allows overtaking vehicles to return to the lane they previously occupied without obstruction. This requirement does not apply on no-overtaking sections, in heavy traffic, or in an organized transport convoy.
64.On two-way roads without a dividing strip, safety islands, posts, and road structure elements (bridge supports, overpasses and the like) located at the centre of the roadway must be passed on the right unless signs and markings indicate otherwise.
5.21
and
69.Outside built-up areas, the following maximum speeds are permitted:
2) buses carrying out suburban, interregional and intercity transport, minibuses, and motorcycles on all roads — 90 km/h;
3) other buses, passenger cars towing a trailer, trucks with a permissible maximum mass over 3.5 tonnes: on motorways — 90 km/h, on other roads — 70 km/h.
70.In built-up areas and on individual road sections outside built-up areas, a speed either lower or higher than the maximum speed established by clauses 68-70 of the Rules may be set by applying sign «Maximum speed limit». Where a speed higher than the maximum speed established by clauses 68-70 of the Rules is set by applying sign «Maximum speed limit», it may not exceed 80 km/h in a built-up area and 110 km/h outside a built-up area.
71.The following speeds are permitted:
1) for trucks transporting passengers in the body, and vehicles transporting an organized group of children — not more than 60 km/h;
2) for vehicles towing mechanical vehicles — not more than 50 km/h.
5) on bridges, overpasses, viaducts and under them, in tunnels, and at road narrowings;
6) of a vehicle with blue flashing beacons and special audible signals activated;
7) if the vehicle being overtaken is moving with blue and red flashing beacons and special audible signals activated, or is being escorted by such a vehicle;
8) at the end of upgrades and on roads with insufficient visibility, when overtaking requires entering the oncoming lane.
82.Parking for extended rest, overnight stay, and similar purposes outside built-up areas is permitted only at designated areas or off the road.
83.When forced to stop in a prohibited zone, after complying with clauses 22 and 23 of the Rules, the driver must take all possible measures to move the vehicle out of that zone.
1) on sidewalks (except as provided in clause 61 of the Rules), also on tram tracks and in their immediate vicinity if doing so would obstruct tram movement;
2) at railway level crossings, in tunnels, and on viaducts, bridges, overpasses and under them;
3) where the distance between the stopped vehicle and a solid lane marking (except one marking the road edge), a dividing strip, the opposite road edge, or any obstacle is less than 3 m;
5) on the roadway near dangerous curves and convex breaks in the longitudinal profile where visibility in either direction is less than 100 m;
6) at intersections of roadways and within 5 m of the edge of the intersecting roadway, except on the opposite side of a side passage at T-intersections with a solid marking or dividing strip;
7) within 15 m of route vehicle stops marked by marking , or where absent — from the indicators of route vehicle stop places or taxi parking places;
8) at a place where the vehicle would prevent road users from seeing traffic-light signals or road signs, or would otherwise limit visibility for the drivers of other vehicles and pedestrians.
85.Stopping of routevehicles is also prohibited at locations outside their designated stop zones, except in the case of a forced stop.
89.An intersection where the order of movement is determined by traffic light signals or a traffic controller is a controlled intersection.
90.When turning left or making a U-turn at a green traffic light signal, a non-rail vehicledriver must yield to vehicles coming from the opposite direction going straight and turning right. Tram drivers must follow the same rule among themselves.
91.When moving in the direction of an arrow activated in an additional section simultaneously with a yellow or red traffic light signal, the driver must yield to vehicles coming from other directions.
92.When traffic light signals or a controller permit simultaneous movement of trams and non-rail vehicles, trams have priority regardless of their direction. However, when a tram is moving in the direction of an arrow activated in an additional section simultaneously with a red or yellow signal, the tram must yield to vehicles from other directions.
93.A driver who has entered an intersection at a permitting signal may clear it in the intended direction, provided that this does not hinder the movement of other road users in the direction in which traffic is open, regardless of the exit traffic-light signal. However, if stop line markings (or signs "Stop line") are present at each traffic light along the driver's route through the intersection, the driver must follow each traffic light signal.
94.When a permitting traffic light signal is activated, the driver must yield to vehicles completing their passage through the intersection and to pedestrians who have not yet finished crossing the road in that direction.
Uncontrolled Intersections
95.An intersection without a traffic light or controller, where the traffic light is not working, or where a flashing yellow signal is on, is an uncontrolled intersection.
96.At an intersection of unequal roads, a driver on a secondary road must yield to vehicles approaching on the main road, regardless of their intended direction. At such intersections, a tram, regardless of its direction of travel, has priority over non-rail vehicles travelling in the same or oncoming direction on an equivalent road.
97.If the main road changes direction at an intersection, drivers on the main road must follow the rules for equal-priority intersections among themselves. Drivers on secondary roads must follow the same rules.
98.At an intersection of equal-priority roads, except in the cases provided for by clause 98.1 of the Rules, a non-rail vehicledriver must yield to vehicles approaching from the right. Tram drivers must follow the same rule among themselves. At such intersections, trams have priority over non-rail vehicles regardless of their direction.
98.1.When entering a roundabout intersection marked with sign "Roundabout traffic", the driver must yield to vehicles already circulating within that roundabout.
99.When turning left or making a U-turn, the driver of a non-rail vehicle must yield to vehicles on an equal-priority road coming from the opposite direction going straight or right.
100.At uncontrolled intersections, trams have priority over non-rail vehicles travelling in the same or opposite direction on an equal-priority road, regardless of the tram's direction.
101.If the driver cannot determine whether the road has a surface (in darkness, mud, snow, etc.) and there are no priority signs, the driver must consider themselves to be on a secondary road.
108.Blind pedestrians must signal with a white cane.
2) if possible, send two people along the tracks in both directions for up to 1,000 m (or one person in the direction of poorer track visibility), explaining how to signal a stop to the driver of an approaching train;
3) remain by the vehicle and give the general alarm signal;
4) when a train appears, run toward it giving the stop signal.
The general alarm signal is a combination of one long and three short audible signals given consecutively; and the accepted stop signal given to the train driver is a circular motion of the hand (by day — with a bright-coloured cloth or any clearly visible object, by night — with a torch or lantern).
113.It is prohibited to enter a level crossing:
1) when the barrier is closed or beginning to close (regardless of the traffic light signal);
2) at a prohibiting traffic light signal (regardless of the barrier);
3) if a queue has formed beyond the crossing that will force the driver to stop on it;
4) if a train (locomotive, railcar) is approaching within sight distance;
5) at a prohibiting signal from the crossing attendant (the attendant is facing toward or away from the driver with a raised baton, red lantern, or flag, or with arms extended to the sides).
114.It is also prohibited at level crossings:
1) to drive around stoppedvehicles by entering the oncoming lane;
2) to open the barrier without authorization;
3) to transport agricultural, road-building, construction or other machinery and equipment across the crossing in a non-transport position;
4) without permission from the railway section chief, movement of slow machines with a speed below 8 km/h, and tractor sledge-drags.
4) stopping outside designated parking areas (sign "Parking place" or "Rest area");
5) entry into technological gaps in the dividing strip, except for vehicles carrying out road maintenance or cleaning work;
6) reversing;
7) driving instruction.
117.The requirements of this chapter also apply to roads marked with sign "Road for vehicles"; clause 5 of clause 116 of the Rules also applies on general-use roads.
122.The requirements of this chapter also apply to courtyard areas that are not marked with sign "Residential area" but are enclosed on all sides by residential buildings.
130.When stopping or parking in the dark on unlit road sections, and in conditions of insufficient visibility, the vehicle's parking lights must be on. In conditions of insufficient visibility, dipped headlights, fog lights, and rear fog lights may additionally be activated.
3) on route vehicles travelling on a special dedicated lane against the main traffic flow;
4) when transporting an organized group of children;
5) when transporting oversized, heavy, dangerous cargo and non-neutralized containers;
6) when towing mechanical vehicles (on the towing vehicle).
134.A spotlight or searchlight may only be used outside built-up areas when there are no oncoming or same-direction vehicles. In built-up areas, only drivers of vehicles equipped with blue flashing beacons and special audible signals may use such lights during urgent official duties.
135.The "Road train" identification sign must be illuminated while the road train is moving (except for light passenger cars coupled with a trailer); in the dark and in conditions of insufficient visibility it must also remain on during a stop or parking, in accordance with clause 130 of the Rules.
137.To warn of overtaking, instead of the audible signal (or simultaneously with it), a light signal may be given, consisting of — during daylight hours — periodically switching the headlights on and off, and — during the dark hours of the day — repeatedly switching the headlights from dipped to main beam.
4) of vehicles with non-functioning windscreen wipers if steering of the towed vehicle requires a driver;
5) of vehicles with non-functioning steering (partial loading towing is permitted);
6) of vehicles with a non-functioning braking system if their actual mass exceeds half the actual mass of the towing vehicle (if the actual mass is less, towing is permitted only on rigid coupling or by partial loading).
144.For the purposes of clauses 5 and 6 of clause 143 of the Rules, systems are considered non-functioning if they do not allow the driver to stop the vehicle or maneuver even at minimum speed.
155.Organized transport of a group of children must be carried out in accordance with these Rules, as well as with the rules for organizing such transport approved by the Government of the Republic of Armenia, in a bus equipped with "Children transport" identification signs.
156.On vehicles equipped with the "Children transport" identification sign, the hazard warning lights must be on during the boarding and alighting of children. When approaching such vehicles, drivers must reduce speed and, if necessary, stop to allow the children to cross the roadway unimpeded.
157.The driver must allow passengers to board and alight only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop, may start movement only with doors closed, and must not open doors before the vehicle has fully stopped.
158.It is prohibited to transport persons:
1) outside the vehicle cab (except when transporting persons in a truck platform body or van body), in a tractor, other self-propelled machines, in a goods trailer, in a caravan trailer, in a motorcycle freight body, or in places not designed for passengers;
2) exceeding the number provided for in the vehicle's technical specifications.
159.Children under 7 years of age must be transported in a passenger car or in the cab of a goods vehicle whose design provides seat belts, or seat belts and an “ISOFIX” child restraint system, using child restraint systems (devices) appropriate to the child's weight and height.
159.1.Transport of children aged 7 to 12 in passenger cars and in the cab of trucks where the design provides for seat belts or seat belts with ISOFIX child restraint systems must be carried out using child restraint systems (devices) appropriate for the child's weight and height, or using seat belts; in the front seat of a passenger car, only using child restraint systems (devices) appropriate for the child's weight and height.
159.2.The installation of child restraint systems (devices) in passenger cars and truck cabs and the securing of children in them must be carried out in accordance with the operating instructions (rules) for those systems (devices).
159.3.It is prohibited to transport children under 12 years of age on the rear seat of a motorcycle, as well as in the cargo body of a truck (except a van-type truck body).
2.6
b. length: 12 m, or 20 m with one trailer (semi-trailer);
3) covers external lighting devices and reflectors, registration and identification plates, or obstructs perception of hand signals;
4) creates noise, generates dust, or pollutes the road and environment.
165.If the condition and placement of cargo do not meet the specified requirements, the driver must take measures to remedy the violations or must cease further movement.
170.Horizontal marking — lines, arrows, inscriptions and other designations on the road surface — establishes certain traffic modes and procedures. Horizontal markings may be:
1) permanent, which are white in colour, except for:
a. lines , , , , , , which are yellow;
b. (paragraph repealed)
2) temporary, which are orange in colour.
171.Vertical markings in the form of a combination of black-and-white, blue-and-white, or red-and-white stripes on road structures and road equipment elements indicate their dimensions and serve as a means of visual guidance.
172.If the requirements of permanent signs conflict with those of temporary signs, drivers must follow the temporary signs.
173.If traffic light signals conflict with priority sign requirements, drivers must follow the traffic light signals.
174.If the requirements of permanent markings conflict with those of temporary signs, road users must follow those signs. If the requirements of permanent and temporary markings conflict with each other, drivers must follow the temporary markings.
175.Where necessary, vehicle identification signs must be placed on or depicted on vehicles. With the exception of the "Doctor" and "Disabled" identification signs, which are placed at the driver's discretion, the placement of all other identification signs is mandatory if the circumstance denoted by them is present.